PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the net early on.
Yet, the southern French side fired twice late to seize a shock advantage. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the dying seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.